See lady in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lady"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lady"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leddy"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "lady"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "laady"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lafði"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dʰeyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *dʰeyǵʰ-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdiġe",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hlǣfdiġe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdiġe"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hlǣfdiġe",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *dʰeyǵʰ-\nInherited from Old English hlǣfdiġe, hlāfdiġe, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + dǣġe (“maid”).\nThe variants in /aː/ and /ɛ̞ː/ possibly originate from hlāfdiġe and hlǣfdiġe respectively; note that the vowel has been shortened due to trisyllabic shortening and then relengthened due to open-syllable lengthening.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lady",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laddy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladij",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lavedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lavedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "leafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "leawedi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lehedi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lafvedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "læfdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lævedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leivedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leofdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "laffdiȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "lafedy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "laday",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lavydy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "laydy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "ledy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levidi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lhevedi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "lhevedy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lady",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "ladies",
"gen2": "lady",
"pl": "ladies"
},
"expansion": "lady (plural ladies, genitive singular ladies or lady)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 3 9 3 19 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
286,
290
]
],
"english": "And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, \"Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?\" She answered, \"I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady\".",
"ref": "c. 1382, John Wycliffe, transl., Wycliffe's Bible, Genesis 16:7–9:",
"text": "And whanne the aungel of the Lord hadde foundun hir biside the welle of water in wildirnes, the which is in the / weye of Sur in desert, he seide to hir, Agar, the hand mayden of Saray, whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow? / The which answeride, Fro the face of Saray my ladi I flee.",
"translation": "And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, \"Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?\" She answered, \"I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady\".",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (mistress of a household)"
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-3~gcTr2-",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (noblewoman or female monarch)."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-QgBj-3-V",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
],
[
"noblewoman",
"noblewoman#English"
],
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A woman who manages an abbey or inn."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-1Vh74aZh",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"abbey",
"abbey"
],
[
"inn",
"inn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 32 29 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife of a noble or monarch."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-fqS68bvo",
"links": [
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 17 6 40 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 16 7 29 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English nouns with invariant genitive singulars",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 32 29 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "Hail, Lady, bright sea-star, / God's mother, blessed being, / maiden always [from] first to last, / the Kingdom of Heaven's holy gate.",
"ref": "a. 1333, “Poem 7: Ave maris stella; Fol. 207r-v”, in William Herebert, transl., Opera (British Library MS. Add. 46919), Hereford; republished as The Works of William Herebert, OFM (Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse), [Ann Arbor]: University of Michigan, a. 2018:",
"text": "Hayl, Leuedy, se-stœrre bryht, / Godes moder, edy wyht, / Mayden euer vurst and late, / Of heueneriche sely ʒáte.",
"translation": "Hail, Lady, bright sea-star, / God's mother, blessed being, / maiden always [from] first to last, / the Kingdom of Heaven's holy gate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A polite way to address a noble or honoured woman."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-XNyJK3sw"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any woman."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-kKe-GVMm",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any woman."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 34 3 6 3 6 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "enm:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 32 29 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 0 0 0 96",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A female deity (or the Virgin Mary)."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-14URYcBB",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaːdiː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈladiː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlav(ə)diː/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛ̞ːdiː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛv(ə)diː/",
"note": "especially East Saxon, Kent, West Midland, Yorkshire"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"open-syllable lengthening",
"trisyllabic shortening"
],
"word": "lady"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English nouns with invariant genitive singulars",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeyǵʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Household",
"enm:Nobility",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lady"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lady"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leddy"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "lady"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "laady"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lafði"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dʰeyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *dʰeyǵʰ-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdiġe",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hlǣfdiġe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdiġe"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hlǣfdiġe",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *dʰeyǵʰ-\nInherited from Old English hlǣfdiġe, hlāfdiġe, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + dǣġe (“maid”).\nThe variants in /aː/ and /ɛ̞ː/ possibly originate from hlāfdiġe and hlǣfdiġe respectively; note that the vowel has been shortened due to trisyllabic shortening and then relengthened due to open-syllable lengthening.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lady",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laddy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladij",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lavedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lavedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "leafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "leawedi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lehedi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lafvedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "læfdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lævedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leivedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leofdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "laffdiȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "lafedy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "laday",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "lavydy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "laydy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "ledy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levidi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lhevedi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "lhevedy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lady",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "ladies",
"gen2": "lady",
"pl": "ladies"
},
"expansion": "lady (plural ladies, genitive singular ladies or lady)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
286,
290
]
],
"english": "And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, \"Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?\" She answered, \"I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady\".",
"ref": "c. 1382, John Wycliffe, transl., Wycliffe's Bible, Genesis 16:7–9:",
"text": "And whanne the aungel of the Lord hadde foundun hir biside the welle of water in wildirnes, the which is in the / weye of Sur in desert, he seide to hir, Agar, the hand mayden of Saray, whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow? / The which answeride, Fro the face of Saray my ladi I flee.",
"translation": "And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, \"Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?\" She answered, \"I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady\".",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (mistress of a household)"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (noblewoman or female monarch)."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
],
[
"noblewoman",
"noblewoman#English"
],
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A woman who manages an abbey or inn."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"abbey",
"abbey"
],
[
"inn",
"inn"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The wife of a noble or monarch."
],
"links": [
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "Hail, Lady, bright sea-star, / God's mother, blessed being, / maiden always [from] first to last, / the Kingdom of Heaven's holy gate.",
"ref": "a. 1333, “Poem 7: Ave maris stella; Fol. 207r-v”, in William Herebert, transl., Opera (British Library MS. Add. 46919), Hereford; republished as The Works of William Herebert, OFM (Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse), [Ann Arbor]: University of Michigan, a. 2018:",
"text": "Hayl, Leuedy, se-stœrre bryht, / Godes moder, edy wyht, / Mayden euer vurst and late, / Of heueneriche sely ʒáte.",
"translation": "Hail, Lady, bright sea-star, / God's mother, blessed being, / maiden always [from] first to last, / the Kingdom of Heaven's holy gate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A polite way to address a noble or honoured woman."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any woman."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any woman."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A female deity (or the Virgin Mary)."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaːdiː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈladiː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlav(ə)diː/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛ̞ːdiː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛv(ə)diː/",
"note": "especially East Saxon, Kent, West Midland, Yorkshire"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"open-syllable lengthening",
"trisyllabic shortening"
],
"word": "lady"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lady meaning in Middle English (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.